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Safety and serviceability assessment for high-rise tower crane to turbulent winds

Zhi SUN, Nin HOU, Haifan XIANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 18-24 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0009-2

摘要： Tower cranes are commonly used facilities for the construction of high-rise structures. To ensure their workability, it is very important to analyze their response and evaluate their condition under extreme conditions. This paper proposes a general scheme for safety and serviceability assessment of high-rise tower crane to turbulent winds based on time domain buffeting response analysis. Spatially correlated wind velocity field at the location of the tower crane was first simulated using an algorithm for generating the time domain samples of a stationary, multivariate stochastic process according to some prescribed spectral density matrix. The buffeting forces applied to the structure were computed according to the above-simulated wind velocity fluctuations and the lift, drag, and moment coefficients obtained from a CFD computation. Those spatially correlated loads were then fed into a well calibrated finite element model and the nonlinear time history analysis was conducted to compute structural buffeting response. Compared with structural on-site response measurement, the computed response using the proposed method has good precision. The proposed method is then adopted for analyzing the buffeting response of an in-use tower crane under the design wind speed and the maximum operational wind speed for safety and serviceability assessment.

关键词： tower crane buffeting response wind velocity modeling

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Analyzing the nonlinear vibrational wave differential equation for the simplified model of Tower Cranes

M.R. AKBARI,D.D. GANJI,A.R. AHMADI,Sayyid H. Hashemi KACHAPI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第1期页码 58-70 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0289-7

摘要：

In the current paper, a simplified model of Tower Cranes has been presented in order to investigate and analyze the nonlinear differential equation governing on the presented system in three different cases by Algebraic Method (AGM). Comparisons have been made between AGM and Numerical Solution, and these results have been indicated that this approach is very efficient and easy so it can be applied for other nonlinear equations. It is citable that there are some valuable advantages in this way of solving differential equations and also the answer of various sets of complicated differential equations can be achieved in this manner which in the other methods, so far, they have not had acceptable solutions. The simplification of the solution procedure in Algebraic Method and its application for solving a wide variety of differential equations not only in Vibrations but also in different fields of study such as fluid mechanics, chemical engineering, etc. make AGM be a powerful and useful role model for researchers in order to solve complicated nonlinear differential equations.

关键词： Algebraic Method (AGM) tower crane oscillating system angular frequency

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广东中远号空中翻身造船门式起重机的研制与应用

黄耀怡,王景全,张志华,王旭

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第7期页码 40-45

摘要：

通过对广东中远号空中翻身造船门式起重机的成功研制和应用情况的扼要介绍，着重论述了这种新装备、新技术的几项创新成果的技术特征及其重要意义，包括船段空中连续翻身技术与工艺、双柱塔式刚性支腿与观光型登机电梯设计、门架结构双主梁分层设计制造技术、随动型维修吊机和低压双卷筒电缆供电技术等。

关键词：造船起重机研制应用

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核废物库吊车高精度自动定位的技术实现

栾秀春,韩伟实,王俊玲,杨爱光

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第3期页码 45-50

摘要：

阐述了田湾核电站核废物库21UKT吊车自动化改造工程中高精度自动定位的技术实现，包括控制系统的硬件配置和软件配置、控制逻辑、程序结构以及变频调速函数曲线，并给出了现场检测结果。

关键词：核废物吊车自动控制定位

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Practice and Experience of Canton Tower Project Management

Rong-hua Yi

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 74-79 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016013

摘要： This paper presents a brief introduction about the preliminary consulting and tender agent of Canton Tower, the basic situation of the whole-process supervision on the construction site, and a general summary of the Canton Tower project management. What’s more, the author suggests that some guidelines be formed for supervision enterprises involved in large-scale project management.

关键词： Canton Tower consultation tender agent whole-process supervision

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Power fluctuation and power loss of wind turbines due to wind shear and tower shadow

Binrong WEN, Sha WEI, Kexiang WEI, Wenxian YANG, Zhike PENG, Fulei CHU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第3期页码 321-332 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0434-1

摘要：

The magnitude and stability of power output are two key indices of wind turbines. This study investigates the effects of wind shear and tower shadow on power output in terms of power fluctuation and power loss to estimate the capacity and quality of the power generated by a wind turbine. First, wind speed models, particularly the wind shear model and the tower shadow model, are described in detail. The widely accepted tower shadow model is modified in view of the cone-shaped towers of modern large-scale wind turbines. Power fluctuation and power loss due to wind shear and tower shadow are analyzed by performing theoretical calculations and case analysis within the framework of a modified version of blade element momentum theory. Results indicate that power fluctuation is mainly caused by tower shadow, whereas power loss is primarily induced by wind shear. Under steady wind conditions, power loss can be divided into wind farm loss and rotor loss. Wind farm loss is constant at 3α(3α−1)R²/(8H²). By contrast, rotor loss is strongly influenced by the wind turbine control strategies and wind speed. That is, when the wind speed is measured in a region where a variable-speed controller works, the rotor loss stabilizes around zero, but when the wind speed is measured in a region where the blade pitch controller works, the rotor loss increases as the wind speed intensifies. The results of this study can serve as a reference for accurate power estimation and strategy development to mitigate the fluctuations in aerodynamic loads and power output due to wind shear and tower shadow.

关键词： wind turbine wind shear tower shadow power fluctuation power loss

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Impacts of solar multiple on the performance of direct steam generation solar power tower plant with

Yan LUO, Xiaoze DU, Lijun YANG, Chao XU, Muhammad AMJAD

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 461-471 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0503-5

摘要： Solar multiple (SM) and thermal storage capacity are two key design parameters for revealing the performance of direct steam generation (DSG) solar power tower plant. In the case of settled land area, SM and thermal storage capacity can be optimized to obtain the minimum levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) by adjusting the power generation output. Taking the dual-receiver DSG solar power tower plant with a given size of solar field equivalent electricity of 100 MW in Sevilla as a reference case, the minimum LCOE is 21.77 ￠/kWh with an SM of 1.7 and a thermal storage capacity of 3 h. Besides Sevilla, two other sites are also introduced to discuss the influence of annual DNI. When compared with the case of Sevilla, the minimum LCOE and optimal SM of the San Jose site change just slightly, while the minimum LCOE of the Bishop site decreases by 32.8% and the optimal SM is reduced to 1.3. The influence of the size of solar field equivalent electricity is studied as well. The minimum LCOE decreases with the size of solar field, while the optimal SM and thermal storage capacity still remain unchanged. In addition, the sensitivity of different investment in sub-system is investigated. In terms of optimal SM and thermal storage capacity, they can decrease with the cost of thermal storage system but increase with the cost of power generation unit.

关键词： direct steam generation solar power tower solar multiple thermal energy storage capacity levelized cost of electricity (LCOE)

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复杂地质条件下水电站地下厂房岩壁梁精细爆破开挖

李昌能,徐成光

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第11期页码 42-47

摘要：

针对向家坝水电站地下厂房岩壁梁地质条件异常复杂、岩台宽度窄、承受荷载大、质量要求高和工期紧迫等特点和难点，贯彻“精细爆破”理念，通过采取合理的开挖顺序、自行设计钢管钻孔样架以确保钻孔精度、双层光面爆破和均匀微量化装药、错孔布置及预锚锁角等技术和工艺措施，对炸药爆炸能量释放与岩体破碎等进行精密控制，以确保岩壁梁的开挖成型质量，取得了优良的爆破效果：岩台光爆孔半孔率分别为Ⅱ类围岩100 %，Ⅲ类围岩99.2 %，Ⅳ类围岩90 %～97.3 %；岩壁无欠挖，平均超挖仅2.9 cm；不平整度为0～4 cm；因爆破和围岩卸荷造成的影响深度在0.2～0.7 m。

关键词：向家坝水电站地下厂房岩壁梁精细爆破开挖

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泰州大桥——世界首座千米级三塔悬索桥

钟建驰

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第4期页码 4-8

摘要：

2007年12月开工建设的泰州大桥位于江苏省中部，连接泰州与镇江，为世界首座千米级三塔连跨悬索桥，同时中塔采用世界首个纵向人字型钢塔，中塔基础采用世界上入土最深的水中沉井基础。为了建造这项宏伟的工程，针对众多技术挑战，建设者采取了一系列的创新技术：三塔悬索桥的设计技术，江中大型深井的定位着床、封底技术，人字型钢中塔的钢混结合连接技术、超厚钢板的焊接加工技术以及钢中塔异型节段的精确加工与控制技术等。

关键词：三塔悬索桥创新设计水中沉井人字型钢塔

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Choosing configurations of transmission line tower grounding by back flashover probability value

Dmitry KUKLIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 213-226 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0398-6

摘要： There is a considerable number of works devoted to electrical characteristics of grounding. These characteristics are important in general. However, in application to grounding of transmission line towers they are not enough to determine what grounding construction is preferable in some particular case, because these characteristics are calculated or measured apart from the grounded object, and only limited number of current (or voltage) source waveforms is used. This paper indicates reasons in favor of the fact that to choose the optimum design of grounding, the calculation model should include the tower as it is. The probability of back flashover, which provides both qualitative and quantitative estimate of the grounding structure efficiency, can be taken as the criterion for the grounding design. The insulation flashover probability is calculated on the basis of engineering method, which evaluates breakdown strength of insulation for nonstandard waveshapes, and probability data on lightning currents. Different approaches are examined for identifying the back flashover probability, as not only amplitudes but also other parameters can be taken into account. Finite-difference time-domain method is used for calculations of transients. It is found that lightning current waveform can greatly influence calculated back flashover probability value.

关键词： grounding transmission line tower back flashover probability FDTD method

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螺旋结构冷却塔的塔板设计方法

黄锐

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第11期页码 43-46

摘要：

针对冷却塔中螺旋结构类型的气液交换塔，提出其内部螺旋塔板形状的设计方法，包括塔壁上外螺旋线和塔中心轴管上内螺旋线的位置确定，以及两线之间螺旋曲面板在平面上的拓扑尺寸。通过塔的几何参数确定螺旋曲面板设计的关键参数，可实现扭曲状塔板与塔壁及内轴的准确配合。

关键词：冷却塔塔板设计螺旋曲面拓扑

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泰州大桥中间塔鞍座抗滑安全评估

阮欣,阮静,陈艾荣,郭济

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第5期页码 71-74

摘要：

在分析鞍座抗滑机理的基础上，建立了基于最大静摩擦系数的三塔悬索桥中间塔鞍座抗滑基本评估模型,并发展了多种鞍座抗滑评估方法。包括基于目前使用的设计规范评估鞍座抗滑安全的确定性方法；基于静态车辆数据合成随机车流，并利用Rice公式外推其荷载效应极值，进而研究鞍座抗滑安全性能的评估方法；以及基于车辆荷载效应和抗力概率模型的鞍座抗滑概率评估方法。用上述三种方法分别对泰州大桥鞍座抗滑安全性进行全面评估，表明泰州大桥中塔鞍座抗滑安全可靠。

关键词：三塔两跨悬索桥中间塔鞍座确定性评估概率评估

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港口集装箱码头轮胎式龙门吊优化调度研究

魏众,申金升,肖荣娜,张智文,石定寰

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第8期页码 47-51

摘要：

随着贸易全球化的到来，集装箱运输业飞速发展，港口集装箱码头受到越来越多的重视。轮胎式龙门吊体积大，作业效率低，该环节已经成为码头作业的瓶颈。提出了轮胎式龙门吊优化调度混合整数规划模型，研究了定量作业条件下的龙门吊优化调度问题，通过实际案例分析为码头管理者提供决策支持。

关键词：集装箱码头堆场轮胎式龙门吊优化调度

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QLY2150型风电专用轮胎式动臂吊机研制与实践

黄耀怡,张志华,景海州,代宇

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第11期页码 105-112

摘要：

简要介绍国内外风力发电建设的形势和我国对风电建设的最新发展规划，详细介绍基于上述形势而提出的QLY2150型风电安装专用轮胎式动臂吊机研制项目的总体方案、关键技术、创新点和实施细则。最后介绍样机投入风电场实际使用的情况，指出该新型吊机相对于通用轮胎式、汽车式和履带式吊机的优势所在。

关键词：风电专用吊机新型研制应用

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设计创新对东方明珠和雅加达塔的贡献

江欢成

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 30-35

摘要：

东方明珠，塔高463.85m，高居亚洲之二，世界第三，被公认为是上海最重要的城市标志。雅加达塔，高558m，建筑面积32万m²，均堪称世界之最。东方明珠的成功，雅加达塔的中标，在很大程度上要归功于设计创新。东方明珠设计者用一串明珠来标志上海，用带斜撑的巨型空间框架作为主体结构，打破了混凝土电视塔常用的单筒体结构模式，从而获得了很好的标志性。这种结构同时很有利于抗风抗震。该塔还采用了许多高新技术，如预应力混凝土壳、双重悬挂钢结构和攀升天线等设计，它们巧妙而合理地解决了复杂的结构构造和高难度施工的问题。设计者在雅加达塔上，继承和发扬东方明珠的长处，克服它的不足，并赋予许多新的创造。为了使新的创造建立在坚实科学基础上，设计者为东方明珠塔进行了大量的试验研究工作。

关键词：创新电视塔空间框架斜撑球体钢桅杆悬挂结构